SIL Starter
The following data help define the level of performance for SIL* starters.
| 
                              
                               B10: 1,000,000  | 
                           
| 
                              
                               % of dangerous failures*: 73%  | 
                           
| 
                              
                               B10d: 1,369,863  | 
                           
Assuming number of operations = 131,400 cycles/year (average of 15 cycles/hour)
The calculated values of the SIL starter are provided in the following tables:
SIL Starter in Single Channel
| 
                        
                         Wiring Category*  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         SFF  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         HFT  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         MTTFd (years)  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         DC  | 
                     
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 
                        
                         Category 1  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         27%  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         0  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         100 years  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         Not relevant  | 
                     
| 
                        
                         Category 2 – Direct monitoring  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         90%  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         0  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         100 years  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         ≥ 90%  | 
                     
SIL Starter in Dual Channel
| Wiring Category | SFF | HFT | MTTFd (years) | DC | 
| 
                        
                         Category 3  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         27%  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         0  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         100 years  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         ≥ 90%  | 
                     
| 
                        
                         Category 4  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         90%  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         0  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         100 years  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         ≥ 99%  | 
                     
The relation between PFHd and PFD of the SIL starters, depending on the architecture and the test interval, is given in the following table:
SIL Starters — PFHd and PFD
| 
                        
                         Wiring Category  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         PFH (IEC 61508)  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         PFD (IEC
                           61508)   | 
                     
                     
                        
                         PFD (IEC
                           61508)  | 
                     
|---|---|---|---|
| 
                        
                         Category 1  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         1.10E-06  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         4.80E-02  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         4.82E-03  | 
                     
| 
                        
                         Category 2 – Direct monitoring  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         1.10E-06  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         4.82E-03  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         5.06E-04  | 
                     
| 
                        
                         Category 3  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         4.5E-09  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         —  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         1.30E-04  | 
                     
| 
                        
                         Category 4  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         2.5E-10  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         —  | 
                     
                     
                        
                         2.5E-06  | 
                     
Architectural requirements defined in IEC 61508-2 Table 3 and EN 62061 Table 5 are met for levels up to SIL 2.
A Category 2 architecture is needed to meet SIL 2 architectural constraints (accomplished using direct monitoring Mirror In/Mirror Out).